2010年12月19日日曜日

「帰って行く」 “回//去 huí // qù” : Compound direction-complement as shown ‘return’ “回//去 huí // qù”


NHK「テレビで中国語」2010年 10月号 荒川清秀先生著よりの学習報告です。

(これも、相当時間がたっての「学習報告」です。)


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今回は、複合方向補語の “-来”、 “-去” についてです。

複合方向補語」は動詞または形容詞の後について

複合する方向を示します


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回去 : 帰って行く.  自分の居るところから遠ざかる動き。

回来 : 帰って来る.  自分に近づいてくる動き。


上去 : 上がって行く.  自分の居るところから遠ざかる動き。

上来 :上がって来る.  自分に近づいてくる動き。


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上のいずれもそれぞれの語の間に場所を表す目的語を入れて表現することもあります。

例えば、 “回中国去。 huí zhōngguó qù.” は 「中国に帰って行く。」

これらを離合詞 離合詞と言います。

離合詞の使い方も復習しました。


発音も口語では “去” が軽声になり、若干注意が必要です。


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《確認》

離合詞とは
主に、動詞の次に名詞(または形容詞)が結合した単語、動詞です。

離合詞は単独で単語として使うこともあれば、その間に様々な要素を挿入して使われます。

そのため、離(離れる)合(合わせる)詞 : 「離合詞と呼ばれます。


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Hello!

“回//去 huí // qù” was newly added in Grammar Data Vol..

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Compound direction-complement // huí // qù” shows :

return ; go back ; be back


And including other phrase ;

The movement going away from the place where one is here.

回去
[huíqù] : return ; go back ; be back :
  The movement going away from the place where one is here.

回来 [huílái] : come back; be back ; get back ; move back :
  The movement approaching oneself.


上去 [shàngqù] : go up :
  The movement going away from the place where one is here.

上来 [shànglái] : come up :
  The movement coming up the place where one is here.


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回去 [huíqù]》

from 汉英综合大词典 回去 [huíqù]

1. return ; go back ; be back

¶ 他明天回杭州去。
  He will return to Hangzhou tomorrow.

¶ 他离开家乡十年,从未回去过。
  He has never been back to his birthplace since he left it ten years ago.

2. (used after a verb) back (there)

¶ 请把这封信给他退回去。
  Please return the letter to him.

¶ 昨天我是走回去的。
  I went back on foot yesterday.

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From 现代汉语规范词典 回去 [huíqù]

1. 从某处回到原处

¶ 春节之前回去看望母亲。

2. 用在动词后,表示动作使人或事物从别处到原处离开说话人所在地

¶ 就两站地,咱们走回去吧 把上级的指示带回去。


《例句》 (Other usage is included.)

¶ 把他的遗骸送回去安葬。
  escort his remains back to his home town for burial

¶ 你回去的时候,趁便给我带个口信。
  When you go back, would you take a message for me?

¶ 十二点半以前赶回去还吃得上饭。
  If we get back before twelve thirty, we won't be too late for lunch.

¶ 大不了我们走着回去。
  If the worst comes to the worst, we'll walk back.

¶ 请你带个信儿给我妈,说我今天要晚点儿回去。
  Please tell my mother that I'll be home late tonight.

¶ 他一接到电报,当时就赶回去了。
  He hurried back the moment he received the telegram.

¶ 火车倒回去了。
  The train backed up.

¶ 把抗议顶回去
  reject a protest

¶ 我们顶好现在就动身回去。
  We'd better be starting back now.

¶ 前面走不通了,咱们拐回去吧。
  We can't get through here, let's turn back.


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《回来 [huílái]

from汉英综合大词典 回来 [huílái]

1. return ; come back ; be back ; get back ; move back

¶ 他马上就回来。
  He'll be back in a minute.

2. (used after a verb) back (here)

¶ 跑回来
  run back

¶ 把借出去的书要回来。
  Recall the books on loan.

¶ 可把你盼回来了。
  Thank heavens, you're finally back.

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From现代汉语规范词典 回来 [huílái]

1. 从某处回到原处(说话人现在在原处)

¶ 你务必回来一趟。

2. 用在动词后,表示动作使人事物从别处到原处或说话人所在地

¶ 买回来一包糖果 鸽子飞回来了。


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《例句》

¶ 我算计他昨天回不来,果然没回来。
  I thought he wouldn't come back yesterday, and he didn't.

¶ 她从山里回来时,带回了一栲栳野蘑菇。
  She returned from the hills with a basket of wild mushrooms.

¶ 老爷从官府回来后直接回了宅邸。
  The master went to his mansion directly after returning from the local authority.

¶ 他的建议被驳回来了。
  His proposal was rejected.

¶ 他刚出门,一会儿就回来。
  He's just gone out, he'll be back soon.

¶ 村里传说他叔要从国外回来了。
  The villagers are all saying that his uncle is soon coming home from abroad.

¶ 把耽误的时间夺回来
  make up for lost time

¶ 打电报让他回来
  wire him to come back

¶ 等到天黑,他方才回来。
  He didn't come back until after dark.

¶ 他的钱全放出去了,一时收不回来。
  All his money has been loaned out. He can't get it back for the moment.


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上去 [shàngqù]

from柯林斯汉英词典 上去 [shàngqù]

1. 动词 [指由低到高] go up

2. 动词 [提高] improve


from汉英综合大词典 上去 [shàngqù]

1. go up

¶ 登着梯子上去
  go up (on) a ladder

¶ 车来了,咱们上去吧。
  Here comes the bus. Let's get on.

2. rise to a place or state regarded as higher or above

¶ 我们提的这些意见上得去吗?
  Could the suggestions we raised reach the higher authorities?

3. up (there)

¶ 计划已经交上去了。
  The plan has been sent up to the higher-ups.

¶ 把国民经济搞上去
  push the national economy forward

4. indicating adding or fixing

¶ 又铺了一床褥子上去
  add another mattress to the bed

¶ 螺丝拧上去了。
  The screws have been driven in.


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from现代汉语规范词典 上去 [shàngqù]

1. 由低处到高处去由一处到另一处去

¶ 从楼梯上去 你上去和他握手吧!


2. 从较低的部门到较高的部门去

¶ 现任农业厅长是从我们县里上去的。


3. 口语中""有时读轻声


4. 用在动词后,表示动作从低处到高处

¶ 把行李搬上去。


5. 用在动词后,表示事物由较低的层次或部门到较高的层次或部门

¶ 把汽车工业搞上去 省里决定把你调上去。


6. 用在动词后,表示事物随动作趋向某一目标

¶ 冲上去一连人 赶紧迎了上去。


7. 用在动词后,表示添加或合拢于某处

¶ 螺丝拧上去了 把这笔钱也算上去吧。


8. "上去"用在动词后作补语时,一般读轻声,但在"动+不+上去" "没+动+上去"的格式中,仍读本调


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《例句》

¶ 让青年人到社会上去闯练闯练。
  Let young people temper themselves in society.

¶ 猫蹿到树上去了。
  The cat leapt up into the tree.

¶ 把和好的水泥吊上去。
  Hoist up the mixed cement.

¶ 把群众的呼声及时地反映上去
  transmit the voices of the people to the leading bodies without delay

¶ 你扶着点梯子,我上去。
  Hold the ladder while I climb up.

¶ 把羊赶到山上去放。
  Herd the sheep up the hill to graze.

¶ 赶将上去
  hurry to catch up

¶ 一排冲上去了,二排随后接应。
  Platoon One charged and was soon followed by Platoon Two.

¶ 这么陡的峭壁,谁知他竟爬上去了。
  Who would have expected that he could climb up that steep cliff?

¶ 山崖陡峭,要手足并用,才爬得上去。
  The cliff is very steep. You'll have to clamber with both hands and feet to get to its top.


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《上来 [shànglái]

from 柯林斯汉英词典上来 [shànglái]

1. 动词 [指动作趋向]

¶ 饭菜端上来了。
  The meal was brought to the table.

¶ 他从坑里爬上来了。
  He climbed out of the pit.


2. 动词 [表示成功]

¶ 这个问题我答不上来。
  I can't answer this question.


3. 动词 [指等级提升] promote

¶ 这名干部是从基层提拔上来的。
  This official was promoted from the grass roots.


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from 汉英综合大词典 上来 [shànglái]

1. begin ; get started

¶ 一上来就没劲
  be boring right from the start


2. to sum up (the aforesaid)

¶ 上来所言
  to sum up the aforesaid


3. come up

¶ 游了半天了,快上来歇会儿吧。
  You've been swimming a long time now. Come out and have a rest.


4. come up to a place or state regarded as higher or above

¶ 他是刚从基层上来的。
  He's just come from a grass-roots unit.


5. up (here)

¶ 把箱子抬上来
  bring the trunk up

6. indicating success in doing something

¶ 这个问题你答得上来吗?
  Can you answer this question?

¶ 看他面熟,名字可叫不上来。
  I know his face but I can't recall his name.


7. indicating an increase in degree

¶ 暖气片慢慢热上来了。
  Little by little the radiators got warmer.

¶ 天色黑上来了。
  It is getting dark.


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from现代汉语规范词典 上来 [shànglái]

1. 由低处到高处来

¶ 他在楼下,没上来 月亮上来了。


2. 从较低的部门到较高的部门来

¶ 他是刚从基层上来的干部。


3. 开头

¶ 上来就是一通批评。


4. ①②义的 "来" 口语中有时读轻声


5. 用在动词后,表示动作由低处到高处或由远处到近处

¶ 钓上来一条鱼 从沟里拉上来。


6. 用在动词后,表示人或事物由较低部门到较高部门

¶ 把他从基层提拔上来 下面的汇报交上来了吗?


7. 用在动词后,表示成功地完成某一动作

¶ 这个问题我答不上来。


8. 用在形容词后,表示程度增加、状态发展

¶ 天气热上来了。


9. "上来" 用在动词后作补语时,一般读轻声,但在 "动+不+上来" "没+动+上来" 的格式中,仍读本调


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《例句》

¶ 那个问题可难了,我差点儿没答上来。
  The question was so difficult I almost failed to answer it.

¶ 这个问题他答不上来。
  He couldn't answer the question.

¶ 对答不上来
  can't answer the question

¶ 今天晚上来和我们玩桥牌,好吗? —好极啦,我一定奉陪到底。
  Will you come and join us at a bridge party this evening? —Yes, I'll be glad to, and I'll stay at the party until the very end.

¶ 潜水员浮上来了。
  The diver has emerged.

¶ 落在后面的人赶上来了。
  Those who lagged behind have caught up.

¶ 火苗蹿上来了。
  The flames leapt up.

¶ 他主张马上来个彻底改变,我觉得这意见太激进了。
  He advocates making immediate drastic changes, but I think this idea is too radical.

¶ 街上来往的人很多。
  There are many people coming and going on the streets.

¶ 提到日程上来
  place (or put) sth. on the order of the day


(studied and report from “n词酷” )

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